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NEW QUESTION # 32
If the demand for a good is inelastic, what is true?
- A. Quantity demanded responds only slightly to price changes
- B. Consumers are highly sensitive to price changes
- C. Quantity demanded responds substantially to price changes
- D. Price and total revenue move in opposite directions
Answer: A
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, demand isinelasticwhenquantity demanded responds only slightly to changes in price, making option B correct.
Inelastic demand is common for necessities, goods with few substitutes, or goods that represent a small portion of income. When demand is inelastic, price and total revenue move in the same direction.
Options A, C, and D describe elastic demand.
Thus, option B correctly defines inelastic demand.
NEW QUESTION # 33
What is deadweight cost?
- A. A net loss that occurs in an economy as a result of tariffs
- B. A government payment to a domestic firm
- C. The lost potential from pursuing one activity at the expense of another, given the alternatives
- D. A tariff levied on imports that are selling below cost in order to unfairly drive domestic firms out of business
Answer: A
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers,deadweight cost (or deadweight loss)is defined asa net loss that occurs in an economy as a result of tariffs or other market distortions, making option D the correct answer.
Deadweight cost represents the reduction in total economic surplus-consumer surplus plus producer surplus-that is not offset by gains to any other group, including the government.
When a tariff is imposed on imported goods, domestic prices rise above world prices. As a result, consumers purchase less of the good and pay higher prices, while domestic producers may increase output despite being less efficient than foreign producers. Although the government collects tariff revenue, this revenue does not fully compensate for the loss experienced by consumers and the misallocation of resources. The portion of lost surplus that is not transferred to producers or the government is the deadweight cost.
Option A is incorrect because a government payment to a domestic firm refers to asubsidy, not a deadweight cost. Option B describes ananti-dumping tariff, which is a specific trade policy instrument rather than a definition of deadweight cost. Option C definesopportunity cost, a fundamental economic concept distinct from deadweight loss.
From a managerial perspective,Global Economics for Managersemphasizes that deadweight costs signal economic inefficiency. Tariffs distort price signals, encouraging production in higher-cost domestic industries and discouraging consumption that would otherwise generate value. These inefficiencies reduce overall economic welfare and can lead to retaliation by trading partners, further magnifying losses.
Understanding deadweight cost is essential for managers operating in global markets, as it explains why protectionist policies often reduce national and global welfare despite benefiting specific interest groups.
Thus, option D accurately reflects the definition and economic significance of deadweight cost in international trade analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 34
When producing a piece of luggage, the marginal cost is $92 and the marginal revenue is $81. What is the best action for the firm?
- A. Increase production
- B. Enter the market
- C. Restart production
- D. Decrease production
Answer: D
Explanation:
According toGlobal Economics for Managers, whenmarginal cost exceeds marginal revenue, firms should decrease production, making option D correct.
In this case, MC = $92 and MR = $81. Producing an additional unit would reduce profit because the cost of production exceeds the revenue gained. Reducing output moves the firm closer to the profit-maximizing condition where MR equals MC.
Options A, B, and C would worsen losses or ignore marginal decision-making principles.
Therefore, option D is the correct managerial response.
NEW QUESTION # 35
In an oligopoly with an initial agreement to maximize total profit, which statements might a firm motivated by self-interest likely make? (Choose THREE.)
- A. "If my fellow firms live up to the agreement, I am better off raising production."
- B. "I am better off reducing output below the agreed level."
- C. "I should always cooperate, regardless of outcomes."
- D. "If my fellow firms fail to live up to the agreement and raise production, I am better off raising production myself."
- E. "Regardless of what my fellow firms do, I am better off raising production beyond the agreed-to level."
Answer: A,D,E
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, oligopolies often face aprisoner's dilemma, making deviation from collusive agreements individually rational. Options A, B, and C correctly reflect this logic.
If others cooperate, cheating by increasing output raises individual profit. If others cheat, matching their behavior minimizes losses. Therefore, regardless of others' actions, raising output appears optimal.
Options D and E contradict self-interested incentives.
Thus, A, B, and C correctly capture oligopolistic behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which statement about consumer surplus is true?
- A. It represents government revenue
- B. It measures total production efficiency
- C. It is a good measure of economic well-being if policymakers want to satisfy buyers' preferences
- D. It measures the well-being of sellers
Answer: C
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers,consumer surplusis a key measure ofbuyer welfare, making option B correct.
Consumer surplus equals the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what they actually pay. Policymakers often use it to assess how market outcomes or policies affect consumers.
Options A and C describe producer surplus and tax revenue. Option D refers to total surplus, not consumer surplus alone.
Thus, option B is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 37
What is true about tariffs?
- A. They increase the domestic quantity demanded.
- B. They increase the quantity of imports.
- C. They lower the price of affected imported goods below the world price.
- D. They encourage consumers to reduce their consumption.
Answer: D
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, atariffis defined as a tax imposed on imported goods, and one of its most direct and predictable effects is that itraises the domestic priceof the affected product. As a result, tariffs encourage consumers to reduce their consumption, making option C the correct answer.
When a tariff is applied, imported goods become more expensive relative to domestically produced alternatives. This price increase shifts consumer behavior: buyers either purchase fewer units overall or substitute toward domestic products or other alternatives. Because demand curves slope downward, higher prices lead to lower quantities demanded, which explains why consumer consumption falls after a tariff is imposed.
Option A is incorrect because tariffsreduce, not increase, the quantity of imports. Higher import prices discourage foreign suppliers and domestic buyers from trading. Option B is incorrect because domestic quantity demanded falls due to the higher price, even though domesticquantity suppliedmay rise. Option D is incorrect because tariffs raise the domestic priceabove, not below, the world price.
Global Economics for Managersemphasizes that tariffs redistribute economic surplus. Consumers lose surplus due to higher prices and reduced consumption. Domestic producers gain surplus because they face less foreign competition and can sell more at higher prices. Governments gain tariff revenue. However, these gains do not fully offset consumer losses, resulting indeadweight lossand reduced overall economic efficiency.
For managers, understanding the consumption-reducing effect of tariffs is essential when evaluating pricing strategies, demand forecasts, and market entry decisions in protected markets. Tariffs distort market signals and often provoke retaliation, further affecting global trade flows.
Therefore, option C accurately describes a true and fundamental effect of tariffs in international trade economics.
NEW QUESTION # 38
In order to increase the money supply, what does the Federal Reserve do?
- A. Buys government bonds from the public
- B. Raises the federal funds rate
- C. Increases reserve requirements
- D. Sells government bonds to the public
Answer: A
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, the Federal Reserve increases the money supply primarily throughopen market operations, specifically bybuying government bonds from the public, making option C correct.
When the Fed purchases government securities, it pays banks and other sellers by crediting their reserves.
This action increases the amount of reserves in the banking system, enabling banks to extend more loans. As lending expands, the money supply grows through the money multiplier process.
Option A would decrease the money supply. Option B tightens monetary conditions. Option D reduces banks' ability to lend.
Managers should understand this mechanism because changes in the money supply affect interest rates, investment, exchange rates, and aggregate demand. Therefore, option C accurately describes how the Fed increases the money supply.
NEW QUESTION # 39
What is the necessity of making sensible decisions in the absence of complete information called?
- A. Perfect rationality
- B. Moral hazard
- C. Bounded rationality
- D. Adverse selection
Answer: C
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers,bounded rationalitydescribes the necessity of making sensible decisions without complete information, making option B correct. Because information is costly, limited, or imperfect, individuals and firms cannot always make fully optimal decisions.
Bounded rationality recognizes cognitive limitations and time constraints. Managers often rely on rules of thumb, experience, and simplified models rather than exhaustive analysis. This approach leads to satisfactory decisions rather than perfectly optimal ones.
Option A assumes complete information, which is unrealistic. Options C and D describe information asymmetry problems, not decision-making constraints.
Thus, option B correctly defines bounded rationality.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which goods have a positive cross-price elasticity?
- A. Substitutes
- B. Normal goods
- C. Complements
- D. Shortage goods
Answer: A
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers,substitute goodshave apositive cross-price elasticity of demand, making option C correct. Cross-price elasticity measures how the quantity demanded of one good responds to a change in the price of another good.
For substitutes, an increase in the price of one good leads consumers to switch to the alternative, increasing demand for the substitute. This positive relationship results in a positive cross-price elasticity. Examples include tea and coffee or butter and margarine.
Complements have negative cross-price elasticity, normal goods relate to income elasticity, and "shortage goods" is not an elasticity classification.
Thus, option C is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 41
What does the term resource mobility describe?
- A. An economic condition in which a nation exports more than it imports
- B. The assumption that a resource removed from one industry can be moved to another
- C. The idea that governments should actively defend domestic industries from imports and vigorously promote the export of resources
- D. The idea that market forces should determine how much to trade with little or no government intervention
Answer: B
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers,resource mobilityrefers tothe assumption that a resource removed from one industry can be moved to another, making option B the correct answer. Resource mobility is a core microeconomic concept that explains how factors of production-such as labor, capital, and land-can be reallocated across different uses in response to changes in economic conditions.
This concept is especially important in both domestic and international trade analysis. When trade patterns change due to globalization, technological progress, or policy shifts, some industries expand while others contract. Resource mobility determines how easily workers, machines, and capital can shift from declining industries to growing ones. High resource mobility allows an economy to adjust efficiently, minimizing long- term unemployment and production losses.
Option A describesfree trade ideology, not resource mobility. Option C defines atrade surplus, which relates to a country's balance of trade rather than factor movement. Option D reflectsprotectionism, a policy stance that restricts trade and is unrelated to the movement of resources between industries.
Global Economics for Managershighlights that resource mobility is often assumed in economic models to simplify analysis, but in reality, mobility can be limited. Skills may not transfer easily across industries, capital may be industry-specific, and geographic or institutional barriers can slow adjustment. These limitations explain why trade liberalization can create short-run adjustment costs even when long-run gains are positive.
For managers, understanding resource mobility is critical when making strategic decisions about investment, workforce planning, and location. Firms operating in dynamic global markets benefit when resources can be redeployed quickly in response to price signals and competitive pressures. Therefore, option B precisely captures the meaning and importance of resource mobility within microeconomic and macroeconomic principles.
NEW QUESTION # 42
In which situation is the contender strategy appropriate for responding to multinational enterprises (MNEs)?
- A. There is high industry pressure to globalize, and competitive assets are transferable abroad.
- B. There is low industry pressure to globalize, and competitive assets are customized to home markets.
- C. There is low industry pressure to globalize, and competitive assets are transferable abroad.
- D. There is high industry pressure to globalize, and competitive assets are customized to home markets.
Answer: D
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, thecontender strategyis appropriate whenindustry pressure to globalize is high, but competitive assets are customized to home markets, making option B correct. This strategy is typically adopted by domestic firms facing strong competition from multinational enterprises (MNEs) in industries that are becoming increasingly global.
High pressure to globalize means that firms must compete on an international scale, often due to global customers, standardized products, or strong foreign competitors. However, when a firm's competitive assets- such as brand reputation, customer relationships, distribution networks, or regulatory knowledge-are deeply rooted in the home market, they are not easily transferable abroad. In this situation, the firm cannot immediately expand internationally without losing its competitive advantage.
Under a contender strategy, firms focus ondefending and strengthening their domestic positionwhile gradually upgrading capabilities to prepare for future global competition. This may involve improving efficiency, investing in technology, forming selective alliances, or learning from foreign competitors operating in the home market.
Option A describes conditions suitable for anextender strategy, where firms can leverage transferable assets internationally. Options C and D reflect low pressure to globalize and are more consistent with defender or dodger strategies rather than contender behavior.
Therefore, option B best captures the conditions under which the contender strategy is applied in response to MNE competition.
NEW QUESTION # 43
What are common types of barriers to entry that can cause a monopoly? (Choose TWO.)
- A. Free entry and exit
- B. Perfect information
- C. Elastic demand
- D. A single firm owning a key resource
- E. Economies of scale in the production process
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, monopolies arise whenbarriers to entryprevent competitors from entering a market. Two common barriers arecontrol of a key resourceandeconomies of scale, making options A and B correct.
When a single firm owns a unique or scarce resource, competitors cannot produce the good without access to that resource. Economies of scale create monopolies when one firm can produce at a lower average cost than multiple firms due to high fixed costs.
Options C, D, and E promote competition rather than monopoly.
Thus, options A and B correctly identify monopoly-creating barriers to entry.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Direct exports have which advantage?
- A. Capitalization of economies of scale in production in the home country
- B. Full control over foreign distribution
- C. Lower transportation costs
- D. Elimination of exchange rate risk
Answer: A
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers,direct exportingallows firms tocapitalize on economies of scale in production in the home country, making option B correct.
By concentrating production domestically, firms can achieve lower average costs, maintain quality control, and leverage existing facilities and expertise. Direct exporting avoids the fixed costs of establishing foreign production facilities.
Options A, C, and D are incorrect because exporting typically involves transportation costs, limited distribution control, and exposure to exchange rate risk.
Thus, option B correctly identifies a key advantage of direct exporting.
NEW QUESTION # 45
A country has experienced a decrease in inflation. What is the effect on the country's currency exchange rate?
- A. It depreciates
- B. It becomes unstable
- C. It increases
- D. It has no effect
Answer: C
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, a decrease in inflation generally leads to an appreciation of a country's currency, making option C correct.
Lower inflation increases the purchasing power of a country's currency relative to others. As domestic prices rise more slowly than foreign prices, exports become more competitive, and demand for the currency increases. Under purchasing power parity, lower inflation is associated with currency appreciation.
Options A, B, and D contradict established exchange rate theory.
Therefore, option C is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 46
What are represented by formal institutions?
- A. Traditions
- B. Cultural beliefs
- C. Laws
- D. Social norms
Answer: C
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers,formal institutionsare represented primarily bylaws, making option C correct. Formal institutions include constitutions, statutes, regulations, contracts, and property rights that are officially codified and enforced by governments or legal authorities.
These institutions reduce uncertainty by clearly defining acceptable behavior and outlining consequences for violations. For firms, formal institutions establish the legal framework for business operations, including rules governing entry, competition, taxation, and dispute resolution.
Options A, B, and D describeinformal institutions, which are unwritten and enforced through social mechanisms rather than legal authority.
Therefore, option C correctly identifies laws as representations of formal institutions.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which statement is true for a monopoly firm, but not for a competitive firm?
- A. The firm is a price taker.
- B. The marginal revenue is less than its price.
- C. Economic profit is zero in the long run.
- D. The marginal revenue equals the price.
Answer: B
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, a key distinction between monopolies and perfectly competitive firms is the relationship betweenprice and marginal revenue. For a monopoly,marginal revenue is less than price, making option C correct.
A monopoly faces adownward-sloping demand curve, meaning that to sell an additional unit, the firm must lower the price not only for the marginal unit but also for all previous units sold. As a result, marginal revenue declines faster than price and always lies below the demand curve.
In contrast, a perfectly competitive firm is aprice taker. It can sell as much output as it wants at the market price, so marginal revenue equals price.
Options A and B describe competitive firms, not monopolies. Option D is incorrect because monopolies can earn economic profits in the long run due to entry barriers.
Thus, option C correctly identifies a feature unique to monopoly firms.
NEW QUESTION # 48
What is a key feature of an oligopoly?
- A. Firms are price takers.
- B. The market represents a prisoner's dilemma.
- C. Products are always homogeneous.
- D. Entry is free in the long run.
Answer: B
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, oligopolies are often modeled as aprisoner's dilemma, making option B correct.
Firms face incentives to cooperate for mutual gain but also incentives to cheat to maximize individual profit.
This tension explains price rigidity, collusion instability, and strategic behavior.
Other options describe competitive markets or are not universally true.
Thus, option B is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 49
If the demand for a good is elastic, what is true?
- A. Price and total revenue move in the same direction.
- B. The quantity demanded responds only slightly to changes in the price.
- C. The quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in the price.
- D. Total revenue increases with a change in price in either direction.
Answer: C
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, demand is said to beelasticwhen thequantity demanded responds substantially to changes in price, making option A correct. Elastic demand occurs when consumers are highly sensitive to price changes, often because close substitutes are available or the good represents a significant portion of income.
When demand is elastic, a small percentage change in price leads to a larger percentage change in quantity demanded. This relationship has important implications for pricing and revenue decisions. In such cases, price and total revenue move inopposite directions-a price decrease increases total revenue, while a price increase reduces total revenue.
Option B is incorrect because total revenue does not increase with price changes in both directions. Option C is false because price and total revenue move in opposite directions under elastic demand. Option D describes inelastic demand, where quantity responds only slightly to price changes.
Managers must understand elasticity when setting prices, forecasting revenue, and designing marketing strategies. Therefore, option A accurately defines elastic demand.
NEW QUESTION # 50
In which situation is the dodger strategy appropriate for responding to multinational enterprises (MNEs)?
- A. There is high industry pressure to globalize, and competitive assets are transferable abroad.
- B. There is high industry pressure to globalize, and competitive assets are customized to home markets.
- C. There is low industry pressure to globalize, and competitive assets are transferable abroad.
- D. There is low industry pressure to globalize, and competitive assets are customized to home markets.
Answer: D
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, thedodger strategyis appropriate whenindustry pressure to globalize is low and a firm's competitive assets are customized to its home market, making option D correct.
Under this strategy, firms avoid direct confrontation with multinational enterprises by focusing on niche markets, specialized products, or protected domestic segments. Since globalization pressure is weak, firms are not forced to expand internationally, and their localized assets give them an advantage at home.
Dodgers may also cooperate selectively with MNEs or operate in areas where global competition is limited.
This strategy minimizes risk and preserves firm-specific advantages without costly global expansion.
Options A and B align with extender strategies. Option C aligns with contender strategies.
Thus, option D correctly identifies when the dodger strategy is appropriate.
NEW QUESTION # 51
An import tariff is implemented on apples. What is the effect on domestic government revenue?
- A. It decreases
- B. It remains unchanged
- C. It increases
- D. It becomes negative
Answer: C
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, animport tariffgeneratesgovernment revenue, making option C correct.
A tariff is a tax on imported goods. When apples are imported and subject to a tariff, the government collects revenue equal to the tariff rate multiplied by the quantity imported. Although the quantity of imports usually declines after a tariff is imposed, the government still earns revenue on remaining imports.
This revenue comes at the expense of consumers, who face higher prices, and contributes to deadweight loss.
However, from the government's perspective, tariff revenue increases.
Thus, option C is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 52
In a monopoly, which statements are likely true? (Choose TWO.)
- A. Marginal revenue equals price
- B. There are barriers to entry into the market
- C. One seller offers a unique good with no close substitutes
- D. Entry is free in the long run
- E. Firms are price takers
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
InGlobal Economics for Managers, monopolies are characterized bya single seller offering a unique product andstrong barriers to entry, making options A and B correct.
Monopolists face no close substitutes and can influence market prices. Barriers to entry-such as legal protections, resource ownership, or economies of scale-prevent competitors from entering the market.
Options C and D apply to perfect competition. Option E contradicts the definition of monopoly.
Thus, options A and B correctly describe monopoly characteristics.
NEW QUESTION # 53
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